Investors with high-risk tolerances often turn to penny stocks, which are defined as companies trading at a share price below $5. But as their name suggests, such stocks may trade for less than $1, allowing investors to hold thousands of shares for relatively small amounts ofcapital. And when the price spikes to multi-dollar levels, investors stand to gain handsomely.
But such stocks could just as easily fall to zero. Not surprisingly, penny stocks are generally considered to be highly speculative because of largebid-ask spreads, smallmarket capitalization, and lack ofliquidity. This article details guidelines to help investors navigate the often thorny penny stock minefield.
Key Takeaways
- Penny stocks are those shares that trade below $5 per share, and as low as a few pennies per share.
- Many penny stocks are traded via over-the-counter (OTC) platforms such as the OTCBB or Pink Sheets provided through online brokers, as they do not meet the listing requirements of major stock exchanges.
- While more volatile and risky than exchange-listed stocks, penny stocks can sometimes provide good opportunities. Because they are more loosely regulated, however, beware of scams and price manipulation schemes.
Penny Stock Platforms
To trade on majorstock exchanges like theNew York Stock Exchange andthe Nasdaq, penny stocks must satisfy a multitude of speciallisting requirements. For example, according toNasdaqRule 5550(a), equities must maintain a minimumbid priceof $1 per share. Consequently, literal penny stocks that cost under $1 per share are primarily traded on the over-the-counter bulletin board (OTCBB) and through the Pink Sheets, which is merely a quotation publisher. And due to the fact that Pink Sheets stocks are not registered with the SEC, they’re inherently riskier investments.
Selecting a Broker
When shopping for a penny stockbroker to execute trades, theirfee structures demand thorough consideration. Brokers who chargecommissionson a per-share basis are not the best choice for penny stock investors who purchase large amounts of shares. Contrarily, brokers who charge flat fees make greater fiscal sense. Consider the following regulated penny stockbrokers in the United States:
- ChoiceTrade: ChoiceTrade, which trades penny stocks on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB)and Pink Sheet markets,offers two pricing tiers. NYSE, Nasdaq, AMEX stock and ETF trades are commission-free. For all other U.S. stock trades up to 10,000 shares, ChoiceTrade charges a $12 flat fee. An additional $0.0007 per share charge applies to trades over 10,000.
- Charles Schwab:Schwab offers penny stocks trading through its standard stock trading accounts, where one can trade Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) and Pink Sheet securities online through the Schwab website and mobile app. The penny stock brokerage charges are $6.95 per trade.
Charges and More Charges
Transactional costs are more important with penny stocks than with higher-priced equities. Let’s assume you intend to buy a penny stock currently trading at thecurrent market price (CMP) of $0.10 per share, and you expect the price to double to $0.20 for a quick and tidy gain. If a broker’s commission structure effectively charges you $0.05 on each buy and sell leg of your trade, the profits are effectively erased. For this reason, it’s vitally important to consider fees before signing on with a given broker.
Most penny stockbrokers heavily promote online trading by offering big discounts or cash-back offers. But it’s vitally important to read the fine print and learn the following points:
- Is short selling allowed?Although short selling may be bound by regulatory requirements, some brokers disallow short selling in penny stocks, as an additional self-imposedrisk managementmeasure. Those allowing short selling may need to maintain higher margins.
- Is there a delayed website response time and a long telephone hold time?Due to the high volatility associated with buying and selling penny stocks, traders may experience jarring price changes in the mere minutes they’re waiting to execute trades.
- Does the platform offer built-in tools?Traders who require access to dedicated research tools, streaming data feeds, andtechnical indicators needed to make trading decisions should be aware of the potential extra costs of these special features.
Avoiding Penny Stock Scams
Investors who are promised high returns for low costs should be on the lookout for the following red flags, in order to avoid fraudulent deals:
- Unofficial internet/email promotions
- Promotions brokers offer through boiler roomtelemarketingcalls
- Vaguely labeled newsletter and online forums touting so-called "hot tips."
Penny stock investors should be aware of the following potential traps:
- Pump and Dump schemes: This is when promoters claim access to insider information in their efforts to inflate the prices of earlier purchased low-cost lots that they subsequently attempt to offload for high profits. Gullible investors who act on these tips may end up saddled with high-cost investments that they'll have trouble unloading.
- Short and Distort (Trash and Cash): This is a variant ofpump and dump, essentially working in the reverse direction. Promotersshort sell penny stocks at high prices and then promote negative news about the stocks in a strategic effort to lower the prices and square off their positions for high profits.
- Long-term averaging techniques: A cyclical scheme where investors are advised to continue accumulating a penny stock with each price dip, with assurances ofwindfall profitsonce the stock prices take a positive turn.
The Bottom Line
Penny stock investing can be precarious and isn’t for everyone. But those who are willing to stomach the risk should first find a broker, fund an account, and pay vigilant attention to pricing moves. Careful investors who steer clear of fraudulent deals may see substantial profits in the future.
